These structures can experience fatigue failure due to dynamic loads in a complex thermo-mechanical environment [10,11,12]. Compared with other materials [13,14,15,16,17], the crack propagation during fatigue is highly complicated for FDM polymeric structures because of the significant differences in its microstructure due to various printing parameters. Therefore, the effect of 3D printing parameters on mechanical properties was discussed in much research.
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Moreover, to calculate the average stress range at the crack location according to the accelerometer measurements, the mean stress amplitude was calculated for each loading cycle by using Equation (3) to Equation (12) [38]. Firstly, the displacement amplitude was calculated at the beam tip (accelerometer location) by its quadratic integral relationship with acceleration amplitude measured by the accelerometer during the experiments, as shown in Equation (3).
During the dynamic fatigue crack test, the single side cracked beam vibrated up and down. As a result, it was exposed to two types of cyclic loading (tensile and compressive stresses), as shown in Figure 8. However, only tensile stress was responsible for the propagation of the crack. Therefore, the stress amplitude σi(lc) was used to show the stress range per cycle instead of the difference among the peak and trough as shown in Equation (12).
For the same reason, the actual number of cycles that lead to crack propagation is half of the total number of cycles. Because the crack was not propagated when the specimen was exposed to compressive stresses; therefore, the average crack rate between two crack depths can be calculated by Equation (13)
As can be observed, when the layer thickness changes between 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 mm, the crack growth rate changes slightly. In addition, by increasing the layer thickness, the FCG rate will decrease. These results are similar to what was founded in previous studies for FDM ABS and PLA [33,40,43,44].
The paper proposed one analytical solution to determine the SIF range when dynamic stress at the crack location is difficult to measure under structural resonating conditions. The empirical Paris law model was developed for different configurations of raster orientation, nozzle size, layer thickness, and ambient temperature. The corresponding C and m constants are listed as a reference for future research.
With the comparison of the FCG rate, it is found that increased layer thickness and nozzle size all reduce the FCG rate due to the decrease in micro air voids. On the contrary, the building orientation close to 90 and increased temperature accelerates the crack growth. Therefore, combining the following parameters provides the lowest FCG rate and Paris law constant: X building orientation, 0.15-mm layer thickness, and 0.8-mm nozzle size.
Lifetime Smiles of Johns Creek offers comprehensive restorative and cosmetic dentistry. If one of your teeth is cracked, schedule an appointment with Dr. Forester to customize the perfect treatment plan for your needs.
An injury is classified as a cracked tooth when there is an incomplete fracture that originates on the surface of the tooth and penetrates towards the root. Movement from cracked enamel irritates the pulp inside the tooth which can cause severe discomfort.
A cracked tooth is centered on the chewing surface and is often the result of excessive force from jaw clenching or biting down on hard objects like candy or ice. If the crack extends too far towards the root, a cracked tooth can cause root pathosis (a disease in the root of the tooth).
When a crack extends from the root towards the surface, it is called a vertical root fracture. Since it begins below the visible surface of a tooth, a vertical root fracture is often noticed when it causes an infection in the surrounding gums. But it can be diagnosed on a radiograph before infection occurs.
Veneers are bonded to the front of your teeth, covering up the visible cracks and restoring your natural look. With proper care, veneers are long-lasting and will give you a beautiful smile for years to come.
Our dentist will take impressions of your teeth to make sure your customized crown is the right shape and size to replace your natural tooth. Dental crowns are a viable solution for cracked teeth in the treatable stage or fractured cusps.
A root canal procedure clears out any decay and prevents infection in the damaged root. After the procedure, we will place a dental crown to protect your tooth and stop the crack from spreading further.
Regardless of what type of cracked tooth you have, our team can provide you with the proper treatment to renew your smile. Call our office at 678-730-6754 or contact us to schedule a consultation today!
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