Almost all rivers in Bulgaria rise in Bulgarian territory, see Figure 1. The only exceptions are the very upper reaches of four small rivers, the Erma and Dragovishtitza (rising in Yugoslavia), the Strumeshnitza (rising in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)) and the Rezovska (rising in Turkey). The reaches of three rivers form part of the Bulgarian state borders, namely the Danube (with Romania), the Timok (with Yugoslavia) and the Rezovska (with Turkey) and part of the Maritza (Evros, Merich) River, which rises in Bulgaria, forms the state border between Greece and Turkey. The 35 separate river sub-basins in Bulgaria belong in general to two main catchments, separated by the Balkan mountain chain. The first of them is the Black Sea catchment, which includes the northern Bulgarian rivers, entering indirectly through the Danube River, as well as all the rivers entering directly to the sea. The second main catchment is the Aegean Sea, to which the most of the southern Bulgarian rivers belong.
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